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The first stage was a deep convolutional neural network-based regional Gleason pattern classification. A two-stage deep learning system was developed to perform Gleason scoring and quantitation on prostatectomy specimens. (2019) aimed to address the issue of grading variability, improve prognostication, and optimize patient management. More recently, deep learning systems have been designed to help pathologists differentiate between benign and malignant prostate tumors, as well as the architectural patterns of prostate cancers to aid in grading of these cancers. In other words, these pixels can now become part of a deep learning algorithm to look for shapes, features or patterns utilizing image analysis, deep learning and AI tools. The most vital use of these digitized images is to create diagnostic algorithms or applications which can augment the diagnostic workflow.
Overall, it becomes much easier to share these consultation images for diagnostics as well as workflow applications. Once the slides are digitized and converted to pixels, the end result is creation of a pixel pipeline which allow pathologists to remotely view the images and share them for a digital consultation. These images are an accurate representation of the scanned glass slide and in some applications, they may be more valuable than the actual glass slides in terms of image resolution and ease of identification of specific diagnostic features.
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Ī whole slide imaging scanner may be considered a digital microscope which is outfitted with special high resolution cameras which combined with optics and software serve to produce diagnostic quality images.
For cases which are challenging and difficult, these may be sent to an expert for a traditional consult, which may take days to weeks. The role of the general pathologist is to render diagnosis at community hospitals. In some instances, specific cases are sent from the general/community pathologist to a sub-specialist/academic pathologist for an over-read consult. This may be a time consuming and expensive process as slides are moved around, particularly if the pathologist is not directly in the local area where the slides are prepared. The end result is that these glass slides are moved around and sent to pathologists to render a diagnosis.
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This workflow is manual and requires many steps. The pathologist is tasked with the interpretation of glass slides locally within each hospital or a pathology group which may be serving several hospitals.
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The purpose of this editorial is to introduce to the readers these new and innovative tools in the diagnostic workflow and provide opportunities to bring together a series of articles on digital pathology and artificial intelligence in the next few months.Ī routine (non-digital) pathology workflow usually involves the procurement of tissue, processing of tissue and creating of glass slides. Thus, the timing is right for a digital disruption to occur in diagnostic pathology. In addition, in the last 5 years we have witnessed an increasing use of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI) tools making their way into healthcare as well as a diagnostic pathology workflow. WSI allows the scanning of entire glass slides, with an output of an image file that is a digitized reproduction of the glass slide with images that are of diagnostic quality. Diagnostic pathology is entering into an exciting time with the more widespread use of digital imaging in pathology, in particular, the development and deployment of whole slide imaging (WSI) technology. As such, initial diagnoses and subsequent second opinions are often delayed while waiting for the glass slide or specimen to be physically delivered to the appropriate pathologist and patient care may be suspended. In most labs around the world, pathology relies almost solely on glass slides to render a diagnosis. Most medical diagnoses are made by pathologists, who, as consultants to physicians, are often referred to as “The Doctor’s Doctor”. Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of body tissue, which is typically fixed on glass slides and viewed under a microscope.
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